Oven Temperature Guide – Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion Chart for Cooking
Last updated: February 28, 2026
A practical reference for converting oven temperatures between Celsius, Fahrenheit and Gas Mark. Use this chart when adapting recipes between American, European and British cookbooks.
Oven Temperature Conversion Chart
The table below covers the full range of oven temperatures from slow baking to broiling, with Celsius, Fahrenheit and Gas Mark equivalents.
| Description | Celsius | Fahrenheit | Gas Mark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Very slow / Very low | 110 °C | 225 °F | ¼ |
| Slow / Low | 120 °C | 250 °F | ½ |
| Slow | 140 °C | 275 °F | 1 |
| Slow / Warm | 150 °C | 300 °F | 2 |
| Moderately slow | 160 °C | 325 °F | 3 |
| Moderate | 180 °C | 350 °F | 4 |
| Moderately hot | 190 °C | 375 °F | 5 |
| Hot | 200 °C | 400 °F | 6 |
| Hot | 220 °C | 425 °F | 7 |
| Very hot | 230 °C | 450 °F | 8 |
| Very hot | 240 °C | 475 °F | 9 |
| Extremely hot | 260 °C | 500 °F | 10 |
| Broiling / Grilling | 290 °C | 550 °F | — |
Common Baking Temperatures
Most baking falls within a narrow temperature range. Here are the most frequently used oven settings and what they are used for.
| Temperature | °C | °F | Common Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low | 140 °C | 275 °F | Meringues, drying fruit, slow-cooked stews |
| Moderate low | 160 °C | 325 °F | Cheesecake, custards, gentle roasting |
| Standard baking | 180 °C | 350 °F | Cakes, cookies, muffins, bread |
| Moderate high | 190 °C | 375 °F | Pie crusts, scones, biscuits |
| Roasting | 200 °C | 400 °F | Roast vegetables, chicken, fish |
| High roast | 220 °C | 425 °F | Pizza, roast potatoes, searing meats |
| Very high | 240 °C | 475 °F | Artisan bread, Neapolitan pizza base |
Internal Meat Temperatures (Food Safety)
Oven temperature sets how hot the air around food gets, but safe cooking depends on the internal temperature of the food itself. The USDA recommends the following minimum internal temperatures:
| Food | Min. Internal Temp (°C) | Min. Internal Temp (°F) |
|---|---|---|
| Poultry (chicken, turkey) | 74 °C | 165 °F |
| Ground meat (beef, pork) | 71 °C | 160 °F |
| Beef steaks & roasts (medium) | 63 °C | 145 °F |
| Pork chops & roasts | 63 °C | 145 °F |
| Fish & seafood | 63 °C | 145 °F |
| Eggs & egg dishes | 71 °C | 160 °F |
| Leftovers & casseroles | 74 °C | 165 °F |
Always use an instant-read meat thermometer inserted into the thickest part of the food, avoiding bone, to verify internal temperature.
Convection vs. Conventional Ovens
Convection (fan-assisted) ovens circulate hot air, cooking food more evenly and typically 20–25% faster. When converting recipes:
- Conventional to convection: Reduce temperature by about 20 °C (US recipes: about 25 °F), or reduce cooking time by about 25%.
- Convection to conventional: Increase temperature by about 20 °C (US recipes: about 25 °F), or increase cooking time by about 25%.
For example, a recipe calling for 180 °C (350 °F) in a conventional oven would be set to 160 °C (325 °F) in a fan-assisted oven.
Understanding Gas Marks
The Gas Mark system is used primarily in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Each Gas Mark number corresponds to a 14 °C (25 °F) increment starting from Gas Mark 1 at 140 °C (275 °F). The system predates digital oven displays and remains printed in many British cookbooks and on gas oven dials.
Modern gas ovens increasingly include both Gas Mark and Celsius on their controls, but older models may only show Gas Mark numbers.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is 180 °C in Fahrenheit for baking?
180 °C equals 356 °F. This is one of the most common baking temperatures worldwide, used for cakes, cookies and bread. Most American ovens round this to 350 °F.
What is 200 °C in Fahrenheit?
200 °C equals 392 °F. This is a standard roasting temperature used for vegetables, chicken pieces and casseroles. American recipes typically round this to 400 °F.
What are Gas Mark oven settings in Celsius and Fahrenheit?
Gas Mark is a temperature scale used on gas ovens in the UK and some Commonwealth countries. Gas Mark 1 = 140 °C (275 °F), Gas Mark 4 = 180 °C (350 °F), Gas Mark 6 = 200 °C (400 °F), and Gas Mark 9 = 240 °C (475 °F).
Why do oven temperatures differ between European and American recipes?
European recipes use Celsius while American recipes use Fahrenheit. Additionally, European recipes often use fan-assisted (convection) ovens, which run about 20 °C (36 °F) cooler than conventional ovens for the same result. When converting, reduce convection temperatures by 20 °C before converting to Fahrenheit for a conventional American oven.
Related Temperature Conversions
Data Accuracy
All Celsius-to-Fahrenheit conversions on this page use the formula °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Gas Mark conversions follow the British standard increment system. Internal meat temperatures are sourced from USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service guidelines.
About This Page
Content maintained by the CelsiusFahrenheit.co editorial team. All conversions follow the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) as defined by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). Calculations use IEEE 754 double-precision arithmetic. Last reviewed: February 2026.